Did you know that the Battle of Manila in 1945 was one of the deadliest urban battles of World War II—on par with Nanjing, Hiroshima, and Stalingrad? Yet, this tragedy remains largely forgotten, even by Filipinos. 🎥 Join us! - https://youtube.com/kirbyaraullo/join 🔔 Subscribe - http://goo.gl/yDgQmK 🍿Be my Patron - https://www.patreon.com/kirbynoodle 📚 Books, merch, etc. - https://www.kirbyaraullo.com/books Related Videos & Playlists: 🔥 Philippine Revolutions & Independence: http://bit.ly/KalayaanPH 🇵🇭 Precolonial & Early Philippine History https://bit.ly/EarlyPhilippines 🌏 Demystifying Southeast Asia: https://bit.ly/KnowSoutheastAsia Video Chapters: 00:00 The Battle Of Manila (1945) – A Devastation Beyond War 01:22 Context: The Forgotten Battle 02:04 The Battle Begins – The Fall Of Manila (Feb 3 – Mar 3, 1945) 05:28 The Manila Massacre – Systematic War Crimes 08:54 "Liberation" Or Annihilation? The U.S. Bombardment Of Manila 12:10 Manila Before The War 15:05 The Forgotten Hiroshima – Why No One Talks About Manila 19:05 Remembering Manila 📺 About This Video: The Battle of Manila (February 3 – March 3, 1945) was one of the deadliest urban battles of World War II, leaving over 100,000 Filipino civilians dead and Manila in ruins. Yet, this tragedy remains one of the least remembered massacres in history. Why did the Japanese Imperial Army refuse to surrender? Why did Douglas MacArthur’s “liberation” strategy lead to even more devastation? And why has Manila 1945 been erased from global war history? ☀️ About Kirby: Kirby Araullo is a distinguished Filipino American historian, culture bearer, and content creator based in California. He is a direct descendant of the indigenous Paramount Kings of Luzon—Lakandúlâ of Tondo and Rája Matandá of Maynílâ—as well as the anti-colonial Katipuneros and World War II Guerilyeras who fought for Philippine liberation. His rich heritage also includes Kapampángan, Tagálog, Indigenous Áytá, Pangasinan, and Spanish-Basque-Portuguese-Irish Mestizo roots. Kirby co-founded the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies at the University of California, Davis, where he has authored works on Asian American, Philippine, and Southeast Asian histories. With education from UC Davis and Harvard University, Kirby teaches Filipino history and culture through indigenous scripts like Kulitan and Baybayin. His popular YouTube channel features educational content on historical narratives and cultural insights, attracting a global audience eager to explore Filipino and Southeast Asian histories, and the stories of revolutionaries and freedom fighters from the Philippines.

Did you know "Mahal Kita" doesn’t literally mean "I love you"? Across 180+ Philippine languages, love is expressed in unique ways—some without even using the word "love"! 🎥 Join us! - https://youtube.com/kirbyaraullo/join 🔔 Subscribe - http://goo.gl/yDgQmK 🍿Be my Patron - https://www.patreon.com/kirbynoodle 📚 Books, merch, etc. - https://www.kirbyaraullo.com/books Related Videos & Playlists: 🌞 Precolonial & Early Philippine History https://bit.ly/EarlyPhilippines 🌏 Demystifying Southeast Asia - https://bit.ly/KnowSoutheastAsia 🔥 ‘Discovery’ & Conquest of the Philippines: https://bit.ly/DiscoveringPH Video Chapters: 00:00 We’ve Been Saying "Mahal Kita" Wrong! 00:54 What Does "Mahal Kita" Actually Mean? 02:09 Tagalog Love Expressions: Mahal Kita vs. Iniibig Kita 03:48 Kapampangan Love: Kaluguran Da ka & More 08:44 Ilocano, Ibanag, & Itawes Ways to Say "I Love You" 09:56 Pangasinan & Bikolano Love Phrases 11:15 Binisaya: Hiligaynon, Cebuano, & Waray Love Expressions 12:47 Maguindanaon & Tausug Words for Love 13:58 Chavacano: Spanish Influence on Filipino Romance 15:15 How Precolonial Filipinos Expressed Love 16:5=45 Love in Philippine Culture: More Than Just Words 17:22 How Do You Say "I Love You" in Your Language? 📺 About This Video: In this video, historian Kirby Araullo explores how Filipinos express love in Tagalog, Kapampangan, Ilocano, Ibanag, Itawes, Bikolano, Pangasinan, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Tausug, Maguindanaon, and Chavacano, uncovering the hidden meanings behind these phrases. ☀️ About Kirby: Kirby Araullo is a distinguished Filipino American historian, culture bearer, and content creator based in California. He is a direct descendant of the indigenous Paramount Kings of Luzon—Lakandúlâ of Tondo and Rája Matandá of Maynílâ—as well as the anti-colonial Katipuneros and World War II Guerilyeras who fought for Philippine liberation. His rich heritage also includes Kapampángan, Tagálog, Indigenous Áytá, Pangasinan, and Spanish-Basque-Portuguese-Irish Mestizo roots. Kirby co-founded the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies at the University of California, Davis, where he has authored works on Asian American, Philippine, and Southeast Asian histories. With education from UC Davis and Harvard University, Kirby teaches Filipino history and culture through indigenous scripts like Kulitan and Baybayin. His popular YouTube channel features educational content on historical narratives and cultural insights, attracting a global audience eager to explore Filipino and Southeast Asian histories, and the stories of revolutionaries and freedom fighters from the Philippines.

English is seen as the language of success in the Philippines—but at what cost? For generations, Filipinos have been told that speaking English is the key to intelligence, success, and global competitiveness. But here’s the real question: If English is the so-called ‘key to success,’ why do so many Filipinos still struggle economically? 🎥 Join my channel! - https://youtube.com/kirbyaraullo/join 🔔 Subscribe - http://goo.gl/yDgQmK 🍿Be my Patron - https://www.patreon.com/kirbynoodle 📚 Books, merch, etc. - https://www.kirbyaraullo.com/books Related Videos & Playlists: 🔥 Philippine Revolutions & Independence: http://bit.ly/KalayaanPH 🇵🇭 Precolonial & Early Philippine History https://bit.ly/EarlyPhilippines 🌏 Demystifying Southeast Asia: https://bit.ly/KnowSoutheastAsia 📌 Video Chapters: 00:00 English in the Philippines: A Tool for Control? 01:01 The Colonial Roots of English-Only Policies 01:53 How the U.S. Engineered English Dominance 02:21 Punished for Speaking Our Own Languages 04:16 Why English Became the Language of Power 06:18 Media & Pop Culture: Reinforcing English Supremacy 08:56 The Hidden Costs of English-First Policies 10:28 Call Centers, Job Discrimination & Linguistic Bias 11:23 Multilingualism: The Key to Real Progress 13:57 Reclaiming Our Languages Without Rejecting English 16:58 Final Thoughts: Why Language Is More Than Just Words 📺 About This Video: In this video, we explore the colonial roots and lasting impact of the English-Only Policy in the Philippines. From the American occupation to the modern-day enforcement of English in schools and workplaces, we uncover how this policy has shaped power dynamics, privilege, and identity in Filipino society. Learn how English came to be seen as the language of success, while native languages were suppressed. Join us as we examine the hidden costs of this policy and explore the importance of embracing linguistic diversity. #EnglishOnlyPolicy #Philippines #History #KnowHistoryKnowSelf ☀️ About Kirby: Kirby Araullo is a distinguished Filipino American historian, culture bearer, and content creator based in California. He is a direct descendant of the indigenous Paramount Kings of Luzon—Lakandúlâ of Tondo and Rája Matandá of Maynílâ—as well as the anti-colonial Katipuneros and World War II Guerilyeras who fought for Philippine liberation. His rich heritage also includes Kapampángan, Tagálog, Indigenous Áytá, Pangasinan, and Spanish-Basque-Portuguese-Irish Mestizo roots. Kirby co-founded the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies at the University of California, Davis, where he has authored works on Asian American, Philippine, and Southeast Asian histories. With education from UC Davis and Harvard University, Kirby teaches Filipino history and culture through indigenous scripts like Kulitan and Baybayin. His popular YouTube channel features educational content on historical narratives and cultural insights, attracting a global audience eager to explore Filipino and Southeast Asian histories, and the stories of revolutionaries and freedom fighters from the Philippines.

David Fagen, a Black Buffalo Soldier in the U.S. Army, made a daring choice during the Philippine-American War—defecting to fight alongside Filipino revolutionaries. Branded a traitor by America but honored as a hero in the Philippines, his story remains one of history’s greatest mysteries. 🎥 Join my channel! - https://youtube.com/kirbyaraullo/join 🔔 Subscribe - http://goo.gl/yDgQmK 🍿Be my Patron - https://www.patreon.com/kirbynoodle 📚 Books, merch, etc. - https://www.kirbyaraullo.com/books Related Videos & Playlists: ✊🏽 Black History Month's Roots in The Philippines https://youtu.be/Xhii4ZOnWgY 🇵🇭 African Americans in Filipino History: https://bit.ly/BlackHistoryPH 🔥 Philippine Revolutions & Independence: http://bit.ly/KalayaanPH Video Chapters: 00:00 Hero or Traitor? The Story of David Fagen 01:36 Buffalo Soldiers & Racial Injustice 02:51 The Philippine-American War Begins 03:49 Fagen’s Moral Dilemma 05:15 Defecting to the Filipino Revolution 06:58 Guerrilla Warfare & Leadership 08:39 Fagen in Indigenous Mythology 11:01 The Fall of the First Philippine Republic 11:37 The U.S. Manhunt for Fagen 12:18 Brotherhood with Filipino General 14:20 Did David Fagen Escape? 15:31 Fagen’s Legacy & The Pugut Myth 16:33 Why His Story Still Matters Today 17:56 Forgotten Black & Filipino Solidarity 📺 About This Video: This video delves into the powerful legacy of Black History Month, highlighting the resilience and impact of Black historical figures—including David Fagen, the Buffalo Soldier who defied America to fight for Filipino independence. From the fight against slavery and segregation to acts of resistance against colonialism, discover how Black leaders, activists, and revolutionaries shaped history across the globe. A must-watch for those uncovering the deeper connections between Black liberation and global struggles for freedom. #BlackHistoryMonth #DavidFagen #BlackExcellence #HiddenHistory ☀️ About Kirby: Kirby Araullo is a distinguished Filipino American historian, culture bearer, and content creator based in California. He is a direct descendant of the indigenous Paramount Kings of Luzon—Lakandúlâ of Tondo and Rája Matandá of Maynílâ—as well as the anti-colonial Katipuneros and World War II Guerilyeras who fought for Philippine liberation. His rich heritage also includes Kapampángan, Tagálog, Indigenous Áytá, Pangasinan, and Spanish-Basque-Portuguese-Irish Mestizo roots. Kirby co-founded the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies at the University of California, Davis, where he has authored works on Asian American, Philippine, and Southeast Asian histories. With education from UC Davis and Harvard University, Kirby teaches Filipino history and culture through indigenous scripts like Kulitan and Baybayin. His popular YouTube channel features educational content on historical narratives and cultural insights, attracting a global audience eager to explore Filipino and Southeast Asian histories, and the stories of revolutionaries and freedom fighters from the Philippines.

Ang Los Angeles nga ba ay itinatag ng isang Pilipino? Tuklasin ang kwento ni Antonio Miranda at kung paano hinubog ng mga Pilipino noon ang kasaysayan ng California. Ang kanilang katatagan at mga kontribusyon ay naging mahalagang bahagi ng komunidad ng mga Filipino-American na patuloy na nagbibigay-halaga sa LA at sa iba’t ibang bahagi ng mundo. 🎥 Join my channel! - https://youtube.com/kirbyaraullo/join 🔔 Subscribe - http://goo.gl/yDgQmK 🍿Be my Patron - https://www.patreon.com/kirbynoodle 📚 Books, merch, etc. - https://www.kirbyaraullo.com/books Related Videos & Playlists: 🌞 Precolonial & Early Philippine History https://bit.ly/EarlyPhilippines 🌏 Demystifying Southeast Asia - https://bit.ly/KnowSoutheastAsia 🔥 ‘Discovery’ & Conquest of the Philippines: https://bit.ly/DiscoveringPH Mga Chapter ng Video: 00:00 Pilipino Ba ang Nagtatag ng Los Angeles? 02:00 Pagtatatag ng Los Angeles: Kasaysayan ng Katutubo at Kastila 03:49 Ang Nakalimutang Ika-12 Poblador: Kwento ni Antonio Miranda 07:32 Mga Pilipino sa Maagang Misyon ng California 10:13 Ang Kolonyal na Caste System: Chino o Indio? 14:02 May Koneksyon Ba ang Angeles City at Los Angeles? 16:25 Mga Katutubo ng Los Angeles at Angeles 17:20 Ang Pamana ng Filipino Americans sa Los Angeles 19:57 Mga Nakatagong Kasaysayan at Hindi Matatawarang Pamana 21:23 Pagtulong ng Filipino Americans sa LA Habang May Wildfires 📺 Tungkol sa Video na Ito: Ang video na ito ay tumatalakay sa hindi masyadong kilalang kwento ni Antonio Miranda y Rodriguez, isang Pilipinong gunsmith na halos naging isa sa mga unang pobladores ng Los Angeles noong 1781. Alamin kung paano ang kanyang kwento, pati na rin ang kontribusyon ng mga Luzones Indios, ay nagbigay-liwanag sa magkaugnay na kasaysayan ng Pilipinas at California. Mula sa kwento ng katatagan ni Antonio hanggang sa mahalagang papel ng mga Pilipinong craftsmen sa mga misyon at presidio ng California, tuklasin ang natatanging kwento ng determinasyon ng mga Pilipino at ang mga hamon ng kolonyal na panahon. Perfect itong panoorin para sa mga mahilig sa kasaysayan na gustong matuklasan ang mas malalim na koneksyon sa pagitan ng Pilipinas at Amerika. ☀️ Tungkol kay Kirby: Si Kirby Araullo ay isang kilalang Filipino-American historian, culture bearer, at content creator na nakabase sa California. Siya ay direktang inapo ng mga katutubong Dakilang Hari ng Luzon—Lakandúlâ ng Tondo at Rája Matandá ng Maynílâ—pati na rin ng mga anti-kolonyal na Katipunero at mga Gerilyera ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig na lumaban para sa kalayaan ng Pilipinas. Ang kanyang makulay na pamana ay nagmumula rin sa lahing Kapampángan, Tagálog, Katutubong Áytá, Pangasinan, at Spanish-Basque-Portuguese-Irish Mestizo. Si Kirby ang co-founder ng Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies sa University of California, Davis, kung saan siya ay may mga naisulat na akda tungkol sa kasaysayan ng Asian American, Pilipinas, at Timog-Silangang Asya. May edukasyon mula sa UC Davis at Harvard University, nagtuturo si Kirby ng kasaysayan at kultura ng Pilipino gamit ang mga katutubong sistema ng pagsusulat tulad ng Kulitan at Baybayin. Ang kanyang sikat na YouTube channel ay nagtatampok ng mga makabuluhang kwento tungkol sa kasaysayan at kultura, na umaakit ng pandaigdigang audience na nais matutunan ang kasaysayan ng mga Pilipino at Timog-Silangang Asya, pati na rin ang mga kwento ng mga rebolusyonaryo at mga mandirigmang lumaban para sa kalayaan ng Pilipinas.

Did a Filipino help establish Los Angeles? Learn more about the untold story of Antonio Miranda y Rodriguez and how early Filipinos shaped California’s history. Their resilience and contributions are a cornerstone of the vibrant Filipino American community that continues to shape LA and beyond. 🎥 Join my channel! - https://youtube.com/kirbyaraullo/join 🔔 Subscribe - http://goo.gl/yDgQmK 🍿Be my Patron - https://www.patreon.com/kirbynoodle 📚 Books, merch, etc. - https://www.kirbyaraullo.com/books Related Videos & Playlists: 🌞 Precolonial & Early Philippine History https://bit.ly/EarlyPhilippines 🌏 Demystifying Southeast Asia - https://bit.ly/KnowSoutheastAsia 🔥 ‘Discovery’ & Conquest of the Philippines: https://bit.ly/DiscoveringPH Video Chapters: 00:00 Was Los Angeles Founded by a Filipino? 00:57 The Wildfires Impacting LA Today 01:23 Founding Los Angeles: Indigenous and Spanish Histories 02:37 The Forgotten 12th Poblador: Antonio Miranda’s Story 04:45 Filipinos in California’s Early Missions 07:02 The Colonial Caste System: Chino or Indio? 10:33 Are Angeles City and Los Angeles Connected? 13:09 The Indigenous Peoples of the Cities of Angels 13:56 The Filipino American Legacy in Los Angeles 14:42 Filipino Americans Uplifting LA During Wildfires 16:02 Final Reflections: Hidden Histories and Enduring Legacies 📺 About This Video: This video delves into the fascinating yet overlooked history of Antonio Miranda y Rodriguez, a Filipino gunsmith originally destined to be one of the founding pobladores of Los Angeles in 1781. Discover how his story and the contributions of early Luzones Indios shed light on the shared histories of the Philippines and California. From Antonio’s resilience to the role of Filipino craftsmen in California’s missions and presidios, explore this remarkable narrative of immigrant determination and colonial complexities. A must-watch for history enthusiasts uncovering the deeper connections between the Philippines and the Americas. ☀️ About Kirby: Kirby Araullo is a distinguished Filipino American historian, culture bearer, and content creator based in California. He is a direct descendant of the indigenous Paramount Kings of Luzon—Lakandúlâ of Tondo and Rája Matandá of Maynílâ—as well as the anti-colonial Katipuneros and World War II Guerilyeras who fought for Philippine liberation. His rich heritage also includes Kapampángan, Tagálog, Indigenous Áytá, Pangasinan, and Spanish-Basque-Portuguese-Irish Mestizo roots. Kirby co-founded the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies at the University of California, Davis, where he has authored works on Asian American, Philippine, and Southeast Asian histories. With education from UC Davis and Harvard University, Kirby teaches Filipino history and culture through indigenous scripts like Kulitan and Baybayin. His popular YouTube channel features educational content on historical narratives and cultural insights, attracting a global audience eager to explore Filipino and Southeast Asian histories, and the stories of revolutionaries and freedom fighters from the Philippines.

Discover the untold story of the Tondo Conspiracy (1587–1588), also known as the Revolt of the Lakans. Explore how the Lakans of Tondo and Manila forged alliances with Brunei and Japan to resist Spanish colonial rule. Learn about Tondo’s rich history and the enduring spirit of Filipino resistance in one of the boldest uprisings in Philippine history. 🎥 Join us! - https://youtube.com/kirbyaraullo/join 🔔 Subscribe - http://goo.gl/yDgQmK 🍿Be my Patron - https://www.patreon.com/kirbynoodle 📚 Books, merch, etc. - https://www.kirbyaraullo.com/books Related Videos & Playlists: 🌞 Precolonial & Early Philippine History https://bit.ly/EarlyPhilippines 🌏 Demystifying Southeast Asia - https://bit.ly/KnowSoutheastAsia 🔥 ‘Discovery’ & Conquest of the Philippines: https://bit.ly/DiscoveringPH Video Chapters: 00:00 Intro: The Tondo Conspiracy and Revolt of the Lakans 01:23 Tondo and Manila: The Heart of Power in the Kingdom of Luzon 03:48 Meet the Lakans: Leaders of the Tondo Conspiracy 05:46 Strategic Alliances with Brunei and Japan 07:54 The Grand Plan to Liberate the Philippines 08:56 Betrayal: The Downfall of the Tondo Conspiracy 12:38 Root Causes of the Revolt: Labor Systems and Colonial Exploitation 15:30 The Lakans’ Legacy and the Philippine Revolution 18:52 Conclusion: Lessons from the Tondo Conspiracy for Today 📺 About This Video: This video dives deep into the Tondo Conspiracy (1587–1588), also known as the Revolt of the Lakans, one of the boldest uprisings in Philippine history. Explore how the Lakans of Tondo united with Brunei and Japan to resist Spanish colonial rule. From Tondo’s thriving trade networks to the leadership of figures like Magat Salamat and Agustín de Legazpi, discover the courage, alliances, and betrayal that shaped this historic revolt. Unearth the true story of Filipino resistance and the legacy it left behind. A must-watch for those passionate about Philippine history and heritage. ☀️ About Kirby: Kirby Araullo is a distinguished Filipino American historian, culture bearer, and content creator based in California. He is a direct descendant of the indigenous Paramount Kings of Luzon—Lakandúlâ of Tondo and Rája Matandá of Maynílâ—as well as the anti-colonial Katipuneros and World War II Guerilyeras who fought for Philippine liberation. His rich heritage also includes Kapampángan, Tagálog, Indigenous Áytá, Pangasinan, and Spanish-Basque-Portuguese-Irish Mestizo roots. Kirby co-founded the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies at the University of California, Davis, where he has authored works on Asian American, Philippine, and Southeast Asian histories. With education from UC Davis and Harvard University, Kirby teaches Filipino history and culture through indigenous scripts like Kulitan and Baybayin. His popular YouTube channel features educational content on historical narratives and cultural insights, attracting a global audience eager to explore Filipino and Southeast Asian histories, and the stories of revolutionaries and freedom fighters from the Philippines. #PhilippineHistory #TondoConspiracy #FilipinoResistance #PrecolonialPhilippines #Filipino #KnowHistoryKnowSelf

What if the iconic parol wasn’t originally about Christmas? 🌟 Discover the forgotten roots of this Filipino Christmas lantern, from its precolonial spiritual origins to its evolution as a Christmas symbol. A journey through history, creativity, and the enduring Filipino spirit! 🎥 Join us! - https://youtube.com/kirbyaraullo/join 🔔 Subscribe - http://goo.gl/yDgQmK 🍿Be my Patron - https://www.patreon.com/kirbynoodle 📚 Books, merch, etc. - https://www.kirbyaraullo.com/books Related Videos & Playlists: 🌞 Precolonial & Early Philippine History https://bit.ly/EarlyPhilippines 🌏 Demystifying Southeast Asia - https://bit.ly/KnowSoutheastAsia 🔥 ‘Discovery’ & Conquest of the Philippines: https://bit.ly/DiscoveringPH 🌟 Pinoy Historian Reacts to Disney’s From Our Family to Yours: https://youtu.be/uYMSAK1tDrU 🎄 Why Filipino Christmas Starts in September: https://youtu.be/5lhqab60XTw Video Chapters: 00:00 Intro 00:58 Growing Up Surrounded by Parols 01:49 The Parol: A Beacon of Filipino Christmas 03:35 Precolonial Roots: Light as a Spiritual Guide 05:21 Similar Lantern Traditions Across Asia 06:20 Spanish Influence: Lanterns in Catholic Rituals 07:00 Kapampangan Lubenas Processions 09:38 The Birth of the Modern Parol 11:06 San Fernando and the Giant Lanterns 12:54 Why the Parol Matters Today: A Legacy of Light and Creativity 📺 What You’ll Learn in This Video: The parol's origins trace back to precolonial Kapampangan rituals celebrating light as a spiritual guide. Spanish Catholicism introduced traditions like Lubenas, transforming lantern-making into a Filipino art form. In 1908, Francisco Estanislao shaped the modern parol, inspiring its evolution. Kapampangan artisans in San Fernando elevated it further, while the parol remains a unifying symbol for the diaspora. Today, it blends tradition with innovation, shining brightly in the Giant Lantern Festival. ☀️ About Kirby: Kirby Araullo is a distinguished Filipino American historian, culture bearer, and content creator based in California. He is a direct descendant of the indigenous Paramount Kings of Luzon—Lakandúlâ of Tondo and Rája Matandá of Maynílâ—as well as the anti-colonial Katipuneros and World War II Guerilyeras who fought for Philippine liberation. His rich heritage also includes Kapampángan, Tagálog, Indigenous Áytá, Pangasinan, and Spanish-Basque-Portuguese-Irish Mestizo roots. Kirby co-founded the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies at the University of California, Davis, where he has authored works on Asian American, Philippine, and Southeast Asian histories. With education from UC Davis and Harvard University, Kirby teaches Filipino history and culture through indigenous scripts like Kulitan and Baybayin. His popular YouTube channel features educational content on historical narratives and cultural insights, attracting a global audience eager to explore Filipino and Southeast Asian histories, and the stories of revolutionaries and freedom fighters from the Philippines.

What if the Philippines was never colonized? The trailer for The Kingdom imagines an alternate history, sparking questions about precolonial culture and governance. In this video, we explore the historical accuracy behind its depictions of architecture, gold, tattoos, and social structures. Let’s dive into this reimagined history and explore the stories behind the film’s symbols. 🎥 Join us! - https://youtube.com/kirbyaraullo/join 🔔 Subscribe - http://goo.gl/yDgQmK 🍿Be my Patron - https://www.patreon.com/kirbynoodle 📚 Books, merch, etc. - https://www.kirbyaraullo.com/books Related Videos & Playlists: 🌞 Precolonial & Early Philippine History https://bit.ly/EarlyPhilippines 🌏 Demystifying Southeast Asia - https://bit.ly/KnowSoutheastAsia 🔥 ‘Discovery’ & Conquest of the Philippines: https://bit.ly/DiscoveringPH Video Chapters: 00:00 Intro: What If the Philippines Was Never Colonized? 01:33 Architecture: Inspired or Inaccurate? 03:34 Gold: Power and Prestige 05:44 Tattoos: Identity and Status 07:46 Social Classes: Mobility vs. Hierarchy 10:47 Governance: Leadership Structures 14:04 Women in Power: Historical Reality 16:06 Cultural Fusion: Beliefs and Traditions 17:34 Unified Kalayaan: Fiction or Possibility? 20:16 Conclusion: Your Thoughts? 📺 About This Video: This video delves into The Kingdom trailer, exploring its portrayal of precolonial Philippines. From architecture and gold to tattoos and governance, we examine the historical roots and cultural significance of these elements. Discover how the film reimagines our heritage while sparking curiosity about our vibrant past. ☀️ About Kirby: Kirby Araullo is a distinguished Filipino American historian, culture bearer, and content creator based in California. He is a direct descendant of the indigenous Paramount Kings of Luzon—Lakandúlâ of Tondo and Rája Matandá of Maynílâ—as well as the anti-colonial Katipuneros and World War II Guerilyeras who fought for Philippine liberation. His rich heritage also includes Kapampángan, Tagálog, Indigenous Áytá, Pangasinan, and Spanish-Basque-Portuguese-Irish Mestizo roots. Kirby co-founded the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies at the University of California, Davis, where he has authored works on Asian American, Philippine, and Southeast Asian histories. With education from UC Davis and Harvard University, Kirby teaches Filipino history and culture through indigenous scripts like Kulitan and Baybayin. His popular YouTube channel features educational content on historical narratives and cultural insights, attracting a global audience eager to explore Filipino and Southeast Asian histories, and the stories of revolutionaries and freedom fighters from the Philippines.